Mongolia has 136 mammal species, almost 400 different types of birds and 76 species of fish. From the abundance of wolves to the globally endangered snow leopard, there is a myriad of wildlife to track, photograph and hunt. The central and northern forest area is home to the wolves, wild boars, elk, roe deer, and brown bears. Steppes and forest margins support marmots, muskrats, foxes, steppe foxes, and sables.

Western high Altai Mountain boasts a rich varied wildlife. Apart from common wolf and wild cats, such as lynx and snow leopard, Altai is home to the world's largest wild sheep - argali and Siberian ibex.

The Gobi desert and the eastern Mongolian steppe are inhabited by thousands of gazelles. The rarest animal in Mongolia - the Gobi bear is found in the southwestern part of Gobi. Wild ass and wild camels are abundantly found in the desert while argali and Gobi ibex also inhabit the rocky mountains within the Gobi region.

Wild horses have been reintroduced to the country from captivity abroad after being unseen for about thirty years in their home country. Bird life is rich and includes the golden eagle, bearded vulture and other birds of prey, while the country's 2,000 lakes are a magnet for water birds including storks and gulls. The east of Mongolia is famous for its bird life, boasting lakes of storks and pelicans, while vultures can be seen at will across the country and species as rare as the Altai snowcock and the mute swan are still observed in the countryside.

Millions of years ago, Mongolia provided habitat for a variety of dinosaur species. Today, a wealth of fossils can be found, almost perfectly preserved, in the arid climate and sandy soils of the Gobi Desert. Since Roy Chapman Andrews’ discovery of the first nest of dinosaur eggs in 1923, paleontologists have uncovered many of the world’s premier fossil sites in Mongolia. Groundbreaking new finds, such as the first discovery of a carnivorous dinosaur embryo, continue to make significant contributions to the field of paleontology.